Home HTML Data Types DOM JavaScript JS Debugging

Following along

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Referencing HTML elements using javascript

  • To get an HTML element, use document.getElementById("idTag")
  • You will use the ID that you set in your HTML
  • if you console.log the resulting variable you will get some information about the element
%%html
<!-- the ID must be specified within the element -->
<h1 id="domTitleID">My Title</h1>

<!-- javascript goes here -->
<script>
var titleElement = document.getElementById("domTitleID")
<!-- outputs h1 tag -->
console.log("Example #1, show element in DOM")
console.log(titleElement)
</script>

Getting the data within the HTML element

  • The variable titleElement stores the “object”
  • Basically think of this as the group of data enclosed in HTML tag
  • To access a certain type of data from an “object” we use “.” notation
    • .innerHTML gets data within center of tag
%%html
<!-- the ID must be specified within the element -->
<h1 id="domTitleIDget">My Title</h1>

<!-- javascript goes here -->
<script>
var titleElement = document.getElementById("domTitleIDget")
<!-- outputs h1 innerHTML from h1 tag -->
console.log("Example #2, show innerHTML")
console.log(titleElement.innerHTML)
</script>

Setting the data within the HTML Element

  • The innerHTML data in this “object” can be set like a variable
    • Change the value of the innerHTML using the “=” (assignment) operator
%%html
<!-- the ID must be specified on the element -->
<h1 id="domTitleIDset">My Title</h1>

<!-- javascript goes here -->
<script>
var titleElement = document.getElementById("domTitleIDset")
titleElement.innerHTML = "Set and Update My Title"
<!-- outputs h1 innerHTML after h1 tag has been updated -->
console.log("Example #3, update innerHTML")
console.log(titleElement.innerHTML)
</script>

Creating elements

  • Create a new element with the document.createElement function -> takes in the type of element
  • Set properties in the element just like the “h1” example
%%html
<!-- the ID must be specified on the element -->
<div id="divContainerID">
    <h1 id="h1ElementID">My Title</h1>
</div>

<!-- javascript goes here -->
<script>
   // creates a new element
   var pElement = document.createElement("p")
   pElement.innerHTML = "Starting a paragraph of text."
   
   // outputs p tag after it has been created
   console.log("Example #4, create a p tag within JS")
   console.log(pElement)
</script>

Issue! How to Create element that appears in HTML?

  • Here is a visualization of what is happening => the “p” is not placed inside the HRML page! visual on p tag floating

Solution

  • Correct by placeing the element somewhere in the page
  • For example, we could add the element within the div
    • For this, use the appendChild function on the div object (the parameter would be the p element we created)
    • Remember, use the getELementById to get the object for something in the html (the div!)
  • Updated Diagram visual on p tag in div
%%html
<!-- the ID must be specified on the element -->
<div id="divContainerIDset">
    <h1 id="h1ElementIDset">My Title</h1>
</div>

<!-- javascript goes here -->
<script>
   // creates a new element
   var pElement = document.createElement("p")
   pElement.innerHTML = "Starting a paragraph of text."
   
   // outputs p tag after it has been created
   console.log("Example #5, add p tag to HTML")
   console.log(pElement)
   
   // place the p element inside the HTML page
   var div = document.getElementById("divContainerIDset")
   div.appendChild(pElement)
</script>

Functions in JavaScript, using with DOM

  • Functions allow you to “do something”
    • ex. “eat food” in a Snake Game
  • Functions were used in previous examples
    • console.log = “print something”
    • document.getElementById = “find an element with id”
  • Functions take in parameters, what to do (inside the parenthesis)
    • the parameter tells console.log what to print
    • the parameter in document.getElementById tells the id of the element
  • Functions can be used with DOM as well, thes will be shown below

Creeating functions

  • document functions functions were used to create a lot of functionality, but how can a developer create their own?
  • function are useful to avoid writing the same code over and over again
  • function can contain parameters for input (they effectively become variables)
  • function can contain a return, the are the “output” of the function
%%html
<!-- the ID must be specified on the element -->
<div id="divContainerIDfunction">
    <h1 id="h1ElementIDfunction">My Title</h1>
</div>

<!-- javascript goew here -->
<script>
    // define a function => takes parameter text, returns a new p tab
    function createPTag(text) {
        // creates a new element
        var pElement = document.createElement("p")

        // using the parameter like a variable
        pElement.innerHTML = text
        
        // outputs p tag after it has been created
        console.log("Example #6, add p tag using a function")
        console.log(pElement)

        return pElement;
    }

    // using a function to create p tag
    var pTag = createPTag("Starting a paragraph with cooler text than before.")

    // place the p element in the webpage
    var div = document.getElementById("divContainerIDfunction")
    div.appendChild(pTag)
</script>

OnClick Event

  • Run a function when an event occurs
    • In this case, the p tag is created when the button is clicked
%%html
<!-- the ID must be specified on the elements -->
<button id="buttonID">Click here!</button>

<div id="divContainerIDbutton">
    <h1 id="h1ElementIDbutton">My Title</h1>
</div>

<!-- our javascript goe here -->
<script>
    // define a function => takes parameter text, returns a new p tab
    function createPTag(text) {
        // creates a new element
        var pElement = document.createElement("p")

        // using the parameter like a variable
        pElement.innerHTML = text
        
        // outputs p tag after it has been created
        console.log("Example #7.1, add p tag using a function")
        console.log(pElement)

        return pElement;
    }

    // create a function that sets specific text and adds to div
    function addPTagOnButton() {
        // using our new function
        var pTag = createPTag("Starting a paragraph with text created on button press.")

        // place the p element in the webpage
        var div = document.getElementById("divContainerIDbutton")

        // add p tag to the div
        div.appendChild(pTag)
        
        // outputs p tag after it has been created
        console.log("Example #7.2, update container adding a 'p' tag")
        console.log(div)
    }

    // add the P tag when our button is clicked
    var myButton = document.getElementById("buttonID")
    myButton.onclick = addPTagOnButton
    
</script>

Hacks

  • Copy your HTML code from the HTML hacks. Write a Javascript snippet to switch the links of the two a tags when a button is pressed. Once they are switched, change the inner HTML of the top p tag to the word “switched!”
%%html
<!-- html code goes here (make sure to run) -->

<style>
  .button-container {
      display: block; /* Use "block" to stack elements vertically */
  }
  
  .button-container button {
      display: block; /* Use "block" to make buttons stack vertically */
      margin-bottom: 10px; /* Optional spacing between buttons */
  }
</style>
<div>
  <p id="paragraph1">This is a test of paragraph 1.</p>
  <div class="button-container">
      <button id="buttonID">Test button 1</button>
  </div>
</div>

<div>
    <a href="https://www.apple.com/">Link 1</a> 
    <br> 
    <a href="https://www.formula1.com/">Link 2</a>
    <br>
    <p>This is a test of paragraph 2.</p>
</div>

<script>
  // Function to switch the links and change the inner HTML
  function switchLinksAndChangeText() {
      // Get the two <a> elements by their tag names
      var links = document.querySelectorAll('a');
      
      // Get the text of the top <p> element
      var topParagraph = document.getElementById("paragraph1");
      
      // Swap the href attributes of the two <a> elements
      var temp = links[0].href;
      links[0].href = links[1].href;
      links[1].href = temp;
      
      // Change the inner HTML of the top <p> element
      topParagraph.innerHTML = "switched!";
  }

  // Add a click event listener to the button
  var button = document.getElementById("buttonID");
  button.addEventListener("click", switchLinksAndChangeText);
</script>





This is a test of paragraph 1.

Link 1
Link 2

This is a test of paragraph 2.